Method and apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of inclosures



June 23, 1931. A. F. KARL SON METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR OF INCLOSURES 6 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed NOV. 11, .1927

ln'venror. AWred F Karlson WMIM ATTya.

June 23, 1931. A. F. KARLSON 1,810,915

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR OF INCLOSURES Filed Nov. 11, 1927 6 Sheets-shat 2 47 Flg. Z.

4a Alr under pressure Q '3 AlFred FKurlson June 23, 1931. A. F. KARLSON METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR 0F INCLOSURES Filed Nov. 11. 192

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A. F. KARLSON METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR OF INCLOSURES Filed NOV. 11, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 4 lnvenfor.

Alfred E KufIson ATTy s.

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A. METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR OF INCLOSURES Filed Nov. 11, 1927 6 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig 7 June 23, 1931.

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A. F. KARLSON METHOD AND APPARATUS HUMIDIFYIING AND COOLING THE AIR INGLOSURES Filed Nov. 11. 1927 Fig. 9

6 Sheets-Sheet 6 by-W Ml Patented June 23, 1931 f UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE ALFRED F. KARLSON', OF NORTH LEOMmSTER, MASSACHUSETTS, ASSIGNOR TO PARJKS CRAMER COMPANY, 013 BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, A CORPORATION OF MASSACHU- SETTS METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HUMIDIFYING AND COOLING THE AIR 0! INCLOSURES Application fi1ed November 11, 1927. 'Serial No. 232,696.

My invention deals with a novel combination of humidifying apparatus, ventilating apparatus, and automatic regulating means for the improved 'humidification and cooling .of inclosur'es such as industrial factories which are influenced byuncontrollable sources .all times, and in addition to maintain the lowest possible temperature in hot weather by the continuous absorption andremoval of objectionable heat from uncontrollable sources with the maximum possible rapidity.

My invention is'especially suitable for use in connection with those common typ the manufacturing departments of factories and that liberate a fine spray of water in the air of the room which, by evaporation, results in the presenceof water vapor therein to the degree of humidity necessary forgood proc; essing. Humidifiers of such types used under the automatic control of humiditv regulators are in wide and common use especially in text1le'f actories,-an extenslve field to which my invention is'particularly applicable.

' My invention is also adapted to make use I of the simpler forms of ventilating-means such as aplurality of relatively small powerdriven fans located in window transoms, Under conditions where natural ventilation through window transoms issuflicient for the purpose I provide mechanism suitable for the simultaneous opening or closing of a multiplicity. of inter-connected transoms which thus become a ventilating means.

My invention deals not with the use "of heating, humidifying and ventilating agencies which are parts of one original comprehensive design, as in central station conditioning apparatus and drying apparatus, butrather with the harnessing together of two separate agencies commonly used independently of each other and for difierentpurposes',

es ofhumidifiers that are distributed throughout but united by my invention under the control of an automatic humidity regulator.

The main advantage of such a novel union of two separate agencies lies in the-fact that the great majority of factories in many industries, and especially in the textile industry, are already furnished with valuable humiditying equipment, including automatic regulating means that are adaptable in whole or in part to the application of my invention. In all such cases the advantages of. my invention are available at comparatively slight expense and investment by the simple expedient of adding to present equipment only the necessary means for producing or controlling ventilation such as I herein disclose and their essential accessories.

My invention provides means for utilizing ordinary humidifying means of the type described under the automatic control of a humidity regulator of any suitable type to maintain the humidity of the air at a predetermined stand'ard without recourse to ventilation or its control, under all such moderate or cool conditions of weather as do not result in the accumulation of obj ectionable heat and' temperature also, whenever with the arrival or continuation 'of hot weather there occurs an accumulation of objectionable heat from uncontrollable'sourcesand consequent obj ectionable temperature, my invention provides 'for the utilization of ventilating means coordinated with the humidifying means to increase the rate of ventilation under the control of a suitable automatic humidity, regulator, organized to limit the rate of ventilation thus produced tosuch value as will confine any subsequent falllin humidity to a predetermined limit. V.

Among the uncontrollable sources of ob j ectionable heat, to which the atmosphere in factories is subject during periods of hot weather, may be mentioned: heat-energy dis- 'sipated by the consumption of power used to drive machinery; infiltration of heat generated by the suns' rays and entering the factory through roof and side walls; sunlight entering through windows and subsequently converted into heat; and heat emanating from the bodies Of human operatives.

- In hot weather accumulations of objectionable heat rom such uncontrollable sources unite to cause a rise in temperature which, when combined with an artificially high humidity, brings about an oppressive atmospheric condition that is a serious impairment to operative efficiency.

Provisions for malntaining reasonably low temperatures conducive to'the health and industrial etficiencyof operatives are no less important than provision for maintaining humidities suitable for good processing, and

.ence pf an insufficient rateof ventilation.

With lnsufiicient ventilatlon arise in hu-.

midity above-the point for which the regulator is set actuates the regulator to interrupt the operation of the'humidifiers, thus inter- 5 quires a relatively high rate of ventilation rupting vaporization until the humidity falls sufliciently again to a tuate the regulator to effect resumption of umidification. Such intermittent o eration necessarily reduces the net rate 0 evaporation to only a frac- 4 tion of the available capacity and thus impairs the available. cooling effect, resulting in atemperature thatcan be lowered only by increasing the rate of ventilation and so increasing the demand for moisture.

If ventilation on-the other hand he excessive, vapor will be so rapidly rejected with the escaping air that humidity will fall below the desired point required for good processing and can be restored only by restricting ventilation.

That is to say, a condition of insufficient ventilation corresponds to a supply of moisture that exceeds the demand for moisture and, conversely, excessive ventilation creates a demand for moisture that exceeds the available supply.

The ideal condition for operation of a humidifier system of this type for hot weather 'is to maintain the humidity desired, coupled with the maximum possible cooling effect.

This calls for such an adjustment of the rate of ventilation as will maintain a demand for moisture that exactly equals the total evaporative capacity of the humidifiers, thus making it possible to operate them continuously without incurring excessive humidity through insuflicient ventilation or.deficient humidity through excessive ventilation.

Weather that is humid as well as hot resince a given volume of air entering thefactory from outside can absorb only a. relatively small amount of vapor while being raised to the desired humidity. Conversely, weather that is dry as well as hot requires a relatively moderate rate of ventilation, since a given volume of air,entering the .mill can absorb a relatively large amount of vapor while being raised to the desired humidity.-

The rate of ventilation, therefore, that will create the dwired demand for moisture is dependent .'upon the outside weather and varies with it from day today and hour to hour, making it a practical impossibility to adjust ventilation for the purposes desired by supervision or manual control. It is this constant balancing or adjustment of ventilation with evaporation for the purposes set forth that is accomplished by my invention. It is also desirable that when cold weather approaches, ventilation should be limited to such rates as will prevent the'rej'ection of artificial heat or of heat from natural sources that isthen no longer objectionable since it may be utilized to prevent the factory from becoming too cool for comfort. While discontinuance of artificial ventilation may be manually accomplished by supersuchas one containing a factory department,

that is, a room where operatives arenormally present in. the performance of their daily tasks, and whose efiiciency would be unfavorably' affected by excessive temperature.

It is thereby intended. to distinguish such inclosure from the compartments of drying or conditioning apparatus, which do not normally contain human operatives.

I also apply the term water vaporizing means to denote those types of humidifying apparatus that are so widely used in textile and other factories and which consist of spray generating units distributed throughout such factory departments for the purpose of liberating spray direct-lyinto the air of such departments. I thus intend clearly to distinguish the class of vaporizing agencies to Whichmy invention ap lies from an con- IOU ditioning apparatus of t e cent-ral station type, in which air is pro-conditioned as to humidity and/or temperature and subsequently supplied to factory departments or other inclo'sures from amthrough ventilating ducts.

outside source I have adopted 1; e term humidity regulator.to designate a device. sensitive to and actuated by variations in the moisture content'of the atmosphere as commonly used for the contrdl of humidifiers in the textile and other industries. Such devices are commonly of the differential thermostatic type disclosed inthe preferred embodiment of my invention, in which one thermostatic member is'subject to the influence of the dry bulb and the other to the influence of the wet bulb temperature of the air.

Other devices adapted to my purpose are of the hygroscopic type with actuating elements composed of human hair, animal fibre, crossgrained wood or any other material of suitable hygroscopic property. Any such device is applicable to my purpose provided only that it be sufiiciently reliable and accurate in its response to variations in humidity.

In the various embodiments of my inventor in actuating control of the humidifying humidity means and of a separate humidity regulator in control of the ventilating means would constitute an equivalent regulating means that is equally adaptable to the purposes of my invention when'maint'ained in properly correlated actuating adjustment as herein described.

regulating means of any suitable type may be utilized to actuate the humidifying and ventilating means for the purposes of my invention by those skilled in the art without in any way departing from its scope. It is to be noted'that all such devices are adapted to function inthe presence of and irrespective of variations in temperature, and it is my purpose expressly to distinguish all such humidity regulators from simple wet bulb thermostats that cannot. control hu-' midity except in the presence of a fixed and controllable temperature,-a characteristic I without heating which renders them unfit for use in connection with my invention.

It is also to be noted that my invention in no way contemplates reliance upon artificial heating'means as such nor of thermostatic control of such means.

The

which are accomplished by my invention do not require the artificial Such equivalent combinations of ctions of'cooling and humidifying generation of heat as a means for preserving a desired temperature or for raising the temperature and the combined elements of the apparatus that I have herein disclosed, therefore include no artificial heating means or thermostatic devices for the control of such means such as are characteristic and essential parts of industrial drying apparatus.

..Again my apparatus is required to maintain a predetermined standard of humidity at all times at whatever temperature may prevail, and, since the liberation of heat for whose removal I provide varies with the warmth of the weather and is uncontrollable,

the temperature that results from the cooling efiect of my apparatus varies widely and is not substantially constant and controllable as I in the inclosures ofdrying apparatus.

It is therefore a distinguishing characteristic of my apparatus that it operates always to reject heat from uncontrollable sources only, while maintaining substantially uniform humidity as required to facilitate processing, and is adapted for use only in inclosures when cooling, and not heating, is required for the'comfort and efliciency of human operatives, while industrial drying apparatus on the contrary requires the substantially constant generation of artificial heat for maintaining a relatively high temperature in inclosuies where human operatives could not Work continuously. In natural consequence it is clear that the heating, ventilating, hu-' midifying and regulating elements hitherto disclosed in the drying art are 'not adaptable to the purpose of my invention nor are the humidifying, paratus elements disclosed in my invention either suitable or suflicient for any useful application to the practice of industrial drying.

It is also tobe'noted that the usefulness of my invention is limited to periods when the warmth of the weather and the extent of uncontrollable heat liberation are more than sufiicient'tomaintain as high a minimum temperature as is needed either for comfort of operatives or for processing. At all other times the ventilating apparatus disclosed should cease to function altogether so as to prevent waste of heat useful for comfort or processing which end is accomplished by the thermostatic means provided in one embodiment of my invention to render the ventilating means inoperative at any desired minimum temperature.

My apparatus therefore difiers in purpose and in character from apparatus of the 'central station: type as hitherto disclosed in that it provides for humidification and cooling only by humidifying, ventilating and regulating elements, all located within the mclosure and exclusive of elements adapted for the artificial generation of heat or controlling means therefor.

ventilating and regulating ap- --the addition of thermostatic means in or- 5 is, the exhaust-ingotair rom or'the supplying of fresh air into. the inclosure as described,-and ahumidi-ty'regulator of the class described, these three elementsbeing organized in combination as described; and, in another instance,these same elements with ganized combination therewith as described.

In the'operation of my apparatus in warm weather, organization'is such that the regulater will be-actuated by rising humidit to interrupt the operation of the humidi ers, tending to cause humidity to decrease and, conjointly, to operate the ventilating means to the same effect. Conversely, the regulator will be actuated by falling humidity to operate the humidifiers, tending to bring'about an increase in humidity and to discontinue ventilation to the same effect.

The regulator may be provided with a single actuating point or stage corresponding to a predetermined value of humidity in which case the positive actuation of the humidifiers and the negative actuation of ventilation will occur simultaneously in response to a humidity falling below the actuating level and, conversely, the negative actuation of the humidifiers and positive actuation of ventilation will occur simultaneously in response to a humidity rising above the predetermined level.

Regulating means may, therefore, be provided which will operate to control the action of the humidifying means and the ventilating means simultaneously when the humidity of determined standard of humidity, or the regulating means may be such as to cause successive operation of the humidifying means and the ventilating means when the humidity of the air of the inclosure varies from said standard. The term standard is used herein in a broad sense as defining not only an exact desirable condition of humidity, but also such reasonable tolerance with respect to said humidity as will not adversely affect processing of the material being treated in the inclosure.

While regulating means operable to cause simultaneous actuation of the humidifying means and ventilating means may be employed within the broad scope of my invention, and will realize certain of its advantages, I prefer, in order to secure certain further advantage, to use regulating means providing for two actuating points or stages at slightly different levels or predetermined values of humidity, and using that stage which corresponds to the lower value of humidity to actuate the ventilating means, i and that stage which corresponds to the the air of the inclosure varies from a pre-- humidifyin means.

For clari cation I define these two stages as marking, respectively, a deficient humidity in the case of the lower stage, an excessive humidity in the case of the upper stage, and the range or interval between the two as representing a desirable humidity. By this preferred arrangement it results that so long as humidity is desirable the regulator meanwhile actuates both the humidifying and the ventilating agencies positively and continuously and secures the advantage of utilizing the full cooling capacity of both agendies.

Should humidity fall to the level of the lower stage, becoming deficient, regulation will cause discontinuance of ventilation, humidification meanwhile continuing. Humidity rising from a deficient condition to a de- 'sirable condition and crossing the lower limit will'actuate the regulator'to .cause resump tion of ventilation. If humidity continues to rise and becomes excessive, its actuation of the regulator will discontinue humidification, permitting ventilation to continue. Humidity falling from excessive to desirable will cause resumption of humidification.

In practice the interval between the two actuating stages may be slight, as little as 2% to 3% of relative humidity. It is to be noted that the use of two actuating points in the regulating means as just described, as compared with the use of a single actuating point, results in the simultaneous positive v operation of both the humidifying and ventilating agencies so long as the humidity remains desirable, that is, within the narrow range of variation corresponding to the difference between the two actuating points.

This provision therefore enables the simultaneous positive operation of both agencies during any and all periods when such simultaneous operation does not result in a defi cient humidity, as would occur in extremely hot dry weather, or in excessive humidity as might occur in extremely humid weather. As a result there are long periods during normal' hot weather when the humidifiers will operate continuously at their full cooling capacity, with the humidity fluctuating-between desirable and deficient, and automatic regulation of humidity taking place by alternate operation and interruption of ventilation only.

Ihave adopted the term range of humidity in certain of the claims that follow to denote the difierence or interval between the two regulator actuating points or stages, it being understood that the variation represented by this range is relatively slight, and marks a condition of humidity that is desirable.

A. preferred apparatus embodying .the present invention, an adapted to perform broken into four sections, each embodying illustrations of difi'erent types of equipmentwhich may be employed to perform the method above described;

Fig. 2 is an elevation of a pneumatic regulator of the psychrometric type showing the pneumatic connections therefrom to means for regulating the rate of moisture supply and to mechanism for controlling the rate of ven- I tilation;

Fig. 3 is a detail View of a typical relay valve which may be employed in connection with both the moisture and ventilator controlling mechanisms;

Fig. 4 is a view, partly in'vertical section, illustrating an adjustable ventilator with .fluid operated means for progressively actuating the same under control of the pneumatic regulator illustrated in Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a detail side elevation of the ven- W tilator-actuating mechanism illustrated in Fig. 4:;

Fig. 6 is a view, similar to Fig. 2, of a multistage regulator having a plurality of pneumatically operable means for controlling the ventilators Fig. 7 is a view of one form of ventilator adapted to be controlled by the regulator or illustrated in Fig. 6; showing the ventilator in closed position, together with mechanism for successively moving it to half open and full open position, and vice versa; and,

Figs. 8 and 9 illustrate a modified form of ventilating mechanism comprising electric fans, with pneumatic controlling mechanisms respectively operable by the two-stage pneumatic devices of. the regulator illustrated in Fig. 6

" Fig 1 illustrates in horizontal section theside walls 1 and 2, and the. end walls 3 and 4, of an inclosure. The illustration is broken into four sections A, B, C, D, to illustrate the difii'erent forms of ventilator-controlling and regulating apparatus embodying the invention and suitable to perform the method herein described and claimed. 'Such different forms of ventilation controlling and ,moisture regulating apparatus may be employedin' the same inclosure if large enough, or may be selectively employed singly or jointly in smaller inclosures.

- The apparatus diagrammatically illustrated in section A, comprises a water supply conduit 5 having branches 6' leading to spraying devices 7 of any desired type, ventilators 8 of the transom type, a regulator 9 operable to control the ventilator-actuating mechanism 10 of the type shown in Fig. 4c, and also operable through a diaphragm valve 11, or otherwise, to control the moisture supply.

The construction shown in section B comprises a water supply conduit 5 having branches 6 leading to spraying devices 7, a regulator 9 operable through a diaphragm valve 11, or;othersuitable mechanism, to control the rate of moisture supply as in section A, but diiierin'gtherefromin that the ventilating means comprises a duct 12 having an intake'or exhaust fan 13 operated from-a suitable motor 14 and controlled from the .regulator 9 by suitable controlling mechamsm 15, as for example, a switch operable to turn on and off the motor whether the same is of the electric type, internal combustion type, or otherwise. y

The apparatus illustrated in section C likewise comprises a water supply conduit 5 having branches 6 leading to spraying devices 7, controlled by a regulator 16 of the multi-stage type illustrated in Fig. 6, with alternately acting ventilator-actuating mechanisms 17 and 18, such as illustrated in Fig. 7.

The mechanism illustrated in section D also comprises a water supply conduit 5 having branches 6 leading to spraying devices 7, with a multi-stage'regulator 16, such as that illustrated in Fig. 6, controlling a plurality of ventilating fans 19 and 20. Y

The various types of apparatus which are diagrammatically illustrated in sections A,-

to actuate the same or different ventilating devices in response to diflerent conditions of humidity'ofthe air of the inclosure. Preferably, however,,a regulating deviceis em ployed which is adapted intermittently to control the moisture supply and the rate of ventilation in correlation to the ascertained or determined condition of humidity of the air to maintain a substantially constant de sired condition of humidity. It is, of course, understood that the term desired condition of humidity commercially obtained is. not an absolutely constant predetermined condition of humidity, but represents a'narrow range approximating the ideal ,predeter mined condition of humidity and in the present embodiments of the invention regulation of the ventilation is eiiected when the moisture content of the air varies with respect to the lower limit of such range of desired humidity, and that the rate of delivery of moisture to the air is varied in correlation to changes in the condition of humidity of the air with respect to the upper. limit of such range of desirable humidity.v Commercial regulators of the type herein described have, however, reached such a degree of perfection that this range very closely approximates a constant predetermined condition of humidity.

A preferred type of intermittently operable regulator and ventilator controlling mechanism is shown in Figs. 1 to 5 of the drawings. This mechanism comprises a regulator having a casing 21 of substantially rectangular form having suitable partitions therein to provide a dry bulb compartment 22 and an adjacent and parallel wet bulb compartment 23. Thermo-sensitive members, which as illustrated are in the form of diaphragm motors 24 and 25, are mounted upon like walls of the compartments 22 and 23, and act upon the lower ends of levers 26 and 27 which are pivotally mounted upon brackets 28 and 29 upon the casing. The upper end of the lever 26 is provided with a plurality of bosses'presenting flat upper surfaces constituting valve plates and having ports 30, 31, and 32. Valves 33, 34, and 35, are slidably mounted upon the respective valve plates to co-operate with the respective ports 30, 31, and 32. The valves 33, 34, are connected respectively by rods 36 and 37 with the upper end of the lever 27 which is actuated by the wet bulb thermo-sensitive member 25. The upper valve 35, which 00- operates with the port 32, is adjustably connected by a rod 38 with the adjacent wall of the casing, and acts to close the port 32 only when the temperature exceeds a predetermined temperature.

A spray head 39, which desirably is located slightly above the wet bulb compartment 23, and which may be of the Turbo" type illustrated in Patent No. 869,945 Thompson, discharges a spray of water into the wet bulb compartment 23. The spray thus discharged into the wet bulb compartment 32 induces a sample current of air from the enclosure, in which the regulator is situated, upwardly through a screened inlet opening 40 in the lower end of the dry bulb compartment, thence throughan opening 41 in the wall separating the wet and dry bulb compartments, saturates the sample current of air thus produced, and discharges it through an outlet at the lower end of the wet bulb compartment. By virtue of this construction, therefore, the dry bulb thermo-sensitive member 24 is first subjected to the sample of air from the inclosure, and the wet bulb thermosensitive member 25 is subjected to the same current of air after it has been saturated with moisture, so that the thermo-sensitive members 24 and 25 ascertain respectively the dry bulb and psychrometric wet bulb temperature of the air. Equal variations in wet and dry bulb temperatures of the air will cause the levers 26 calibration of the instrument. Such adjustment may be accomplished by screw threading the ends of the links 37 and connect ing the screw threaded ends to clevises which are in turn connected to the lever 27..

The relative movements of the valves and their ports are employed pneumatically to control the moisture supplying means and also the means 'for adjusting the ventilator. By suitable adjustment, therefore, of the valves relatively to the'valve ports the instrument can be set to determine the limits of the range of humidity at which the moisture supplying devices and the ventilators will be actuated. In the particular construc tion shown air under pressure is supplied from a suitable source through a pipe 42 to a branch pipe 43 which leads to relays -44 and 45 which are under the control of the regulator. A pipe 46 leads from the relay valve 44 to the chamber of a diaphragm valve 47 which controls a valve 48 in a water do livery pipe 49 through which the moisture delivered to the room may be controlled. The relay 45 is connected by a restricted pipe 50 with a pipe 51 which leads to the ventilator actuating mechanism, and also leadsto the ventilator control port 31 of the dry bulb lever 26 of the regulator. The air supply pipe 42 also communicates through a pipe 52 having a restriction therein with a pipe 53 one end of which communicates with the moisture control port 30, and the other end of which communicates with a diaphragm motor 54 which controls the valve of the relay 44 in the line leading to the diaphragm chamber of the moisture regulating valve 48. The air supply pipe 42 communicates through another branch 55 having a restriction therein with a pipe 56, one end of which communicates with the temperature control port 32, and its opposite end with the chamber of the diaphragm motor 57 which controls the valve of the relay 45.

The relay valves or valve mechanism 44 and 45 may be identical and a description of the relay 45 will serve as a description for both. This relay comprises a casing 58 having two valve chambers 59 and 60,- air under pressure being supplied to the chamber 59 by a branch 59 and 60 and a port 62 leads from thepassage 61 through the restricted pipe to the pipe 51 leading to the-ventilator-actuating mechanism. A conical valve 63,1which is backed by a light helical spring 64, normally closes the inlet end of the passage 61. A small valve rod 65 extends from the apex of the valve 63 axially through the passage 61 and enters and is seated in the conical end of a valve 66 which is slidably mounted in the casing and adapted when closed to engage and close the opposite end of the passage 61. The opposite end of the valve 66, or its stem, engages thediaphragm of the motor 57 which is mounted upon a bracket, 67 secured to the casing. A helical spring 68 normally tends to force the diaphragm away from the casing so that the valve 66 is normally retained in open position, while the valve 63 is held in closed position by the spring 64, and also by the accumulation of pressure behind the valve 63.

When air is admitted to the diaphragm chamber 57 the valve 66 is forced to closed position, thereby opening the valve 63 and permitting the air under pressure entering through the pipe 43 to pass through thepassage 61 and the restricted pipe 50 into the pipe 51 to actuate the ventilators. When ressure in the diaphragm chamber 57 is relieved, the helical spring 68will withdraw the valve 66 from the end of the passage 61, thereby permitting the valve 63 to close, so

' that the passage of air from the pipe 43 to 50 and 51 is arrested. The pressure which has been built up in the pipe 50 is thereupon,

permitted to escape through a vent port 69 in the wall of the casing.

In the preferred construction shown in Fig. 2 the relay 45 through which air is supplied to the ventilator-actuating mechanism is initially controlled by the temperature valve .35 in such a manner that the ventilators cannot be opened until the air of the inlow that required to elfect automatic opening of the ventilators.

The moisture regulating valve 33, which covers the port 30, will cause the continuance of the operation of the moisture supplying mechanism so long as tle humidity is less than a predetermined ma imum amount. If the humidity of the air of the inclosureincreases, the wet bulb temperatureof the air will rise relatively to the dry b-ulb teinperature, thereby causing-relative separation of the upper ends of the levers 26 and 27. When the upper limit iithe range of predetermined humidity is'reached, the valve 33 will uncover the port 30 thereby releasing the air pressure in the pipe 53, thus enabling the valve spring 68 to close the relay valve.63, so that pressure in the pipe 46 will be released and the moisture controlling valve 48 will be causedto close. If the humidity decreases the upper ends of thelevers will approach each other and cause the moisture control valve 33 to-close'the port 30 and again turn on the moisture supply.

The valve 34 is of such area and so adjusted as normally to maintain the port 31 closed when the humidity of the inclosure is below the predetermined minimum condition of humidity.

When the temperature exceeds the predetermined temperature, the dry bulb thermosensitive'member will move the upperend of the lever 26 to the rightso that the valve 35 will close the port 32; thereupon pressure will build up in the pipe 56 which will actuate the diaphragm motor 57 to open the valve actuating mechanism. When, however, the

humidity in the inclosure increases, by reason of the continued supply of moisture thereto, until the humidity of the inclosure reaches the predetermined minimum limit 1 of the range of humidity, the valve 34 wilL- be moved sufficiently to close the port 31,

thereby building up pressure in the pipe 51 sufliciently to open the ventilators, thereby supplying outside air to the inclosure. While the dry-bulb thermo-sensitive member of the humidity regulator is here utilized as the thermostatic means for effecting discontinu ance of ventilation at and below a predetermined temperature, it is obvious that equivalent thermostatic means (may be separately provided for the same purpose and, also, that the thermostatic means, of whatever type, may be omitted altogether and the discontinuance of ventilation eflected manually, whenever desired, as in cool weather.

The Y tilator-a'ctuating means as a whole are desira'ly sosconstructed and organized as to efiect progressive or gradual opening or closing of the ventilators by successive intermittent movements in response to the closing and' opening of the port 31 by the ventilator-regulating valve 34, so that the rate of ventilation is correlated to the moisture content of the air, or the condition of the air of the inclosure, this action of the .regulator occurring at the lower limit of the predetermined range of desired humidity. The interposition of restriction 50 between the relay 57 and the pipe 51 is for the desirable purpose of retarding the rise and fall of the air pressure entering the line 51 in response to the movements of the valve 34, and thus assists in gradual and progressive operation of the ventilators.

The mechanism for operating the ventilator, which is illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 of the drawings, is of the compensated step type, that is to say,. operable intermittently toopen or to close the ventilators step 'b step. 'As shown in Fig. 4, the ventilator is in the form of a transom which is connectedby a hinge 71 to a sill 72 of the transom frame and adapted to open inwardly. The upper end of the ventilator 70 is pivotally connected by a link7 3 to an arm 74 of a rock shaft 75, another arm 76 of which is connected by a link 77 to the upper end of a piston rod of a pressure regulator of the step compensated type such as that disclosed in Patents Nos. 1,495,079 James L.-Kimball May 20, 1924, and 1,597,203 James L. Kimball August 24, 1926.

In the construction illustrated the link 77 is connected to the upper end of the piston rod 78, the opposite end of which is connected to the piston (not shown) which is reciprocably mounted in a cylinder 79. The piston is actuated by fluid under pressure, admitted through a pipe 80 and discharged through a pipe 81, the flow being controlled by a compensating valve which is located in a valve casing 82. The compensating valve is actu-,

ated to admit fluid under pressure to the cyl-. inder b a diaphragm motor which is controlled y the pressure in the pipe 51 leading from the humidity regulator and is closed by a predetermined movement of the piston rod, as more fully appears in thepatents to Kimball above mentioned.

In this construction the valve of the compensating lever is actuated by air under pressure deliveredby the action of the humidity regulator through the pipe 51 to a diaphragm motor 83 which actuates a plunger 84 which engages a knife edge 85 upon a scale beam 86 fulcrumed upon a knife edge 87. The scale beam 86 is connected through suitable mechanism to the compensating valve in the casing 82 so that upon depression of one end of the scale beam by the plunger 84 the opposite end of the scale beam will be raised and the valve opened to'admit air to the chamber of the cylinder 'below the piston through apassage 88, thereby raising the piston.

,The means for closing the valve upon a I predetermined upward movement of the piston rod 78 comprises a rod 89 which is com nected at its upper end to the piston rod 78 and extends downwardly in parallelism with the piston rod and is connectedat its lower end to a preferably adjust-able controlling, member 90 having a surface presenting a serrated or stepped surface 91. This stepped surface'9l engages a roller in the end of the arm 92 of a rock shaft 93 which is journalled in the frame 94 of the regulator and which ro'ck shaft has a lever 95 fixed-1y connected thereto. One end of, the lever 95 is connected by a coiled spring 96 to the scale beam 86, while the other end of the lever 95 is connected by a pair of links 97 (shown in dotted lines) to one end of duplicate levers 98 which are fulcrumed upon pivots, 99, on the scale beam 86. The other ends of the levers 98 are connected to a yoke 100 which in turn is 'pivotally connected to a yoke 101, the upper end of which is'connected to the stem of the regulator controlling. valve which is located in the casing 82.

In the operation of the device, therefore the raising of the piston bypressure in the chamber of the cylinder beneath it causes the rod or link 89 to move upwardly, thereby causing the roller upon the end of the arm 92 to ride along the surface of one of the steps of the member 90. This causes the arm 92 to actuate the rock shaft 93 and the lever 95 against thetension of the spring 96, and acting through the link 97 to move the end of the lever 98 to which said link is attached upwardly, thus depressing the opposite end of the lever 98 and restorin the valve to closed position. The valve Wlll then remain closed until admission of further pressure into the diaphragm cylinder again actuates the scale beam, whereupon the movements will be repeated and the ventilator opened step by step. The compensating valve also controls the admission of fluid under pressure to the chamber of the cylinder above the piston through a passage 102 which is shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5 as extending through the cylinder casing and communicatin with an upwardly extending pipe 103 WlllCh in turn communicates with the upper end of the cylinder, so that upon release of pressure in the chamber of the diaphragm motor 83 the compensating valve will be moved downwardly intermittently to admit fluid under pressure in the chamber of the cylinder 79 above the'piston, thereby moving the piston 78 downwardly and acting through the link 77 and rock shaft arms 76 and 74 and link 73 to close the ventilator. I

By virtue of this construction it will be obvious that the rate of ventilation can be accurately controlledv by the. step by step movement of the ventilator as regulated by the action of the ventilator valve mechanism of the humidity regulator. It will be understood, however, that progressive actuation and control of ventilation as here disclosed,

.of the invention and that any suitable, simpler means may be used to effect the operation of ventilation, alternating between operation on the one hand and non-operation on the other.

the performance of the method heretofore described is as follows:

Thermostatic adjustment is firstmade so that the automatic control of ventilation through the transom will not become efiective until the air of the factory, or other inclosure, reaches a desired minimum temperature, say of eighty degrees. The regulator is then adiusted to maintain the desired humidity, that IS, a predetermined standard of relative hufnidity. The apparatus then functions as follows:

In extremely cold weather, when for example the'heating system of a factory is in operation, regulation of humidity will be e ected by the control of the moisture supplying device's alone, the ventilator control remaining inoperative until the temperature of the inclosure reaches or exceeds the predetermined temperature established bythe thermostatic adj ustment.

Inmild winter weather the. factory will warm up during the day owing to accumulating heat fromfmachinery and-the efiect of sunlight. If the heating of the factory is under thermostatic control, as is usual, artificial heat will be shut off, notwithstanding which the temperature of the air of the inclosure will continue to rise, owing to the [accumulation of heat from other and uncontrollable sources, as previously described.

When the said'predetermined temperature is reached the ventilator control mechanism will be rendered effective and the ventilators will be opened slightly, thus resulting in evaporation of such additional moisture as will lower i the temperature only to the desired minimum,

with the humidity meanwhile effectively controlled.

If the cold becomes more severe, automatic ventilation will be rendered inefiective as soon as the temperature drops beiow said predetermined temperature. It will be noted that under these conditions no heat is allowed to escape as a result of automatic ventilation,

except excess heat,.while a waste of artificial heat is at all times avoided. Itfwill thus be seen that in mild winter weather, or weather fluctuating between cool and moderate, regulation of humidity of the inclosure will at times be controlled by the regulation of: the

rate of moisture supply only, at times be controlled by'the regulated rate of ventilation only, and at other times be controlled by the co-ordinated rates of moisture supply and of ventilation. The advantages of such control are obvious when contrasted with the disadthe temperature of the vantages which result without control of ventilation, for undergsuch conditions the facclosure which frequentlymakes itnecessary The general operation of the apparatus in to use artificial heat wastefully with the consequent wasteful expenditure of fuel.

In moderate summer weather both controls will operate co-ordinately, regulation of the rate of ventilation being employed to control actory at the'thermostatic setting, and resulting in moderately opened transoms rather than in themaximum opening thereof. In extremel sometimes be reached when the moisture supplying devices will be in constant operation, and for the time being the humidity control hot weather a condition will will entirely rest upon the rate of ventilation. Under these conditions the transoms will alternately-open in response to rising humidity and close --in response to falling humidity, adjusting the rate of ventilation to effect a substantially constant humidity, the temperature of the factory meanwhile remaining above the temperature adjustment to an extent which depends on .how extremely dryand hot the outsideweather may be. It

should be particularly noted that under these conditions the air of the inclosurebf the factory is receiving the entire benefit of the maximumcooling eifect of evaporation and the resulting temperature is the lowest which it is possible to maintain by virtue of the evaporative capacity of the moisture supplying system without the humidity falling'below the desired predetermined condition of humidity. It is under these last conditions that a factory which lacks such equipment suffers the most for the'ope'ratives will insist upon extravagantwindow openings and the resultant ventilation is so excessive that the humidity falls too low, notwithstanding which the temperature may continue to increase, as will happen when the outside air is at a higher temperature than the air inside-the factory inclosure. I i

The controlling apparatus herein described, when employed in a humidifying sys- 6 and 7 a modifiedlform of reguregulator is equipped with a plurality oz'i 3 ventilator controlling devices-.which are adapted respectively and alternately to actuate different fluid controlled motors for opening and closing the ventilators, one of the der gas ventilator from closed to hal andthe other to move the ventilator from actuating devices being arran d to move the open position,

half open to full open position, and vice versa.

In the mechanism disclosed in Figs. 6 and 7 the regulator may be and preferably is the same as that illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, with the exception that the lever 26 is provided with an additional boss 104 having a port 105 with a co-operating valve 106 connected by a link 107 to the upper end of the lever 27, the valve 106 being so arranged relatively to its port 105 thatthe relative movement of the levers 26 and 27 will cause the valve 106 to open or closeits port in advance of the action of the valve 34 to open and close its port 31. In

this construction, as in the construction shown in Fig. .6, the temperature control valve 35 is so arranged as to prevent the closing of either the port 31 or 105until the temperature of the inclosure exceeds a predetermined temperature, after which the ventilator conirollipg valves 106 and 34 will "act "in succession to close the ports 104 and 31 respectively and thereby cause the operation of the respective ventilator-actuating devices.

Inthe construction shown in Fig. 4 air unpgessure is admitted through the pipe 42 and ranch 43 to the moisture supply relay valve 44, and the delivery of air under pressure through thepipe motor 47 controllin the moisture supply valve 48 is controlled by the relative movement of the valve 33 and its port 30 in the 46 to the diaphragm -Inanner heretofore described- The relative movement of thetemperature control valve 35 and its port 32 acts in like manner to control the diaphragm motor 57 which controls the relay 45, but in this construction the. relay 45 instead of controlling directly the supply of compressed air to the pipe leading to the ventilator-actuating means controls the supply of air to a pipe 108 having branches 109 and 110- leading respectively to other relays 111 and 112 whichare controlled respectively by the valve 34 and its co-operating port and the valve 106 and its port 104 so-that so 7 long as the temperature of the inclosureis before, that the temperature of the inclosure is above the predetermined normal temperature, and the valve of the relay 45 open, relative movement of the levers 26 and 27 caused by an increase in humidity above the redemitting air to'flow from the branchllO through the relay and through the pipe 115 to one of the ventilator-actuating devices. Upon further decrease in humidity in the air of the inclosure the valve 34 will close the port 31 thereby building up pressure in the pipe 116 which is supplied from the pipe 42 through a restricted branch 117 and will build up pressure in the diaphra m motor 118, thereby opening the valve in t e relay 111 and permitting pressure to be built up in the pipe 119 leading to the other ventilator-actuating device.

A typical form of two-stage ventilator-actuating device is shown in Fig. 7. In this construction the pipe 115 leads to a diaphragm motor 120 which controls a suitable Valve in a casing 121 which controls the supply of fluid under pressure, such as water, supplied through a pipe 122 and branches 123 to a pipe 124 leading to the lower chamber inder 125 having a piston, the piston rod 126 of which is connected by a pin and slot connection to one end of an actuator bar 127, so that when pressure is built up in the chamber of the cylinder 125 below the piston, the end of the bar 127 will be raised. The opposite end of the bar 127 is pivotally connected by a stud 128 to the piston rod 129 of another cylinder 130 like in all respects to cylinder 125 and which is similarly controlled by the relative movement of the humidity regulator valve 34 and its valve seat 32. However, during the movement of the piston rod 126 above described the piston rod 129 remains inactive, and the bar-127 assumesthe inclined position illustrated in dotted lines in Fig. 7.

The central portion of. the bar 127 is pivotally connected to the lower end of a link 131,

' the ppper end of which link is pivotally con.-

nected to an arm 132 of a rock shaft 133, having arms 134 connected by links 135 tothe upper end of the frame of transoms 136. Thus it will be obvious that when the valve 106 of the humidity regulator closes the port 104, the pressure built up in the pipe 115 will causethe actuation of the piston within the cylinder 125 to raise the bar 126 to an inclined position and thereby moving the link 113 upwardly and opening the transom approximately half-way.

of a cyl- Upon further decrease in humidity relative mdvement of the levers 26 and 27 will 'cause further separation of the upper ends of said levers, thereby causing the valve 34 to close its port 31. Pressure is, therefore,

' built up in the pipe 51 which is supplied'from phragm motor 118, thus opening the valve of the relay 111,-and supplying air through the pipe'119 to the diaphragm motor 137 which opens a valve in a casing 138 admitting fluid under pressure from the pipe 122 through the branch 139 to the pipe 140 communieatin with a passage leading to the lower chamber of the cylinder 130, thereby raising the iston and piston rod 129'and causing the ar 127 to assume the upper horizontal position indicated in dot and dash lines in -Fig. 7. This will again raise the link 131" and acting through the rock shaft 133 and its arms 132 and 134 and the links 135 will. fully open the ventilator transom. During this movement the bar 127 will swing about its elevated end as a pivot whichis maintained in: elevated position by fluid under pressure in the cylinder 125.

The valves in the respective valve casings 121 and 138 also have exhaust ports communicating with opposite ends of the cylinders 125 and 1 30. Upon release of pressure on the diaphragm motor 120 by the opening of the rt- 106, the fluid under pressure in the lower end of the cylinder 125 will be exhausted through the pipe 124 and the exhaust port of the valve in the casing 121into a waste pipe 142. and uponreduction of pressure in the diaphragm motor 120 below a predetermined amount, air under pressure will be adinitted through the pipe 141 into the upper portion of the cylinder above the piston which will forcethe piston downwardly, thereby moving-the lever-127 downwardly and rocking the ventilator toward closed position. Similarly, release of pressure inthe diaphragm motor 137 will causethe exhaust port of the valve in the valve casing 138 to register with the pipe 140 and permit the fluid in the lower portion of the cylinder to flow therethrough into the waste pipe 142. Likewise reduction of pressure in the diaphragm motor 137 below a predetermined amount will open a port in the valve in the casing 138 which will admit fluid under pressure from the branch 139 of the pipe 123 into the pipe 143 from which it will pass into the upper portion of the cylinder, thereby forcing the piston and piston rod 129 downwardly, further to move the ventilator toward closed position. The operation of the cylinders 125 and 130 in closing I the ventilators will be in reverse sequence to their action in opening the ventilators.

The actuation of the ventilator system in this construction is identical with that previously described in reference to Figs. 2 to 5 inclusive, except that in the construction dis "closed in Figs. 6, aiidW, two-stage regulation is efl'ectedinstead of a multi-step regulation. Other regulating means may be employed as heretofore described. In Figs. 8 and 9 the ventilating means illustrated comprises electric fans 144 and 145 which are actuated respectively by motors 146 and 147 the motors being controlled through suitable connections 1 to preferably switches-148 and 149 which are actuated respectively by diaphragm motors 150 and "151 from pressure built up in the pipes 115 and 119 respectively. Any desired number of ventilator fans may be connected in-multiple with each of the ventilator controlling valves. It will be obvious, however, that aplurality of fans arranged in multiple and having variable speed controlling devices may be similarly actuated from the humidity regulator disclosed inFig. 2, and the compensating regulator of the type illustrated in Figs. 5 and 6. Thus it will be apparent that the present method may be performed by various types of apparatus and that the-various types of apparatus particularly described herein may be employed singly, or conjointly, to regulate the condi-. tion of the atmosphere of the'inclosure' in the manner indicated di 'ammatically I in sections A, B, G, and D, 0 Fig. 1.

While the apparatus has'been herein described with particular reference to a regulator in which theshumidity controlling devices have temperature controlled means au-' tomatically operable to determine the actuation of the moisture controlling mechanism and the ventilator controlling mechanism with respect to a predetermined temperature, it will be understood that such mechanism is not wholly essential, and that the regulating means may be so-constructed as to operate properly without the temperature controlling mechanism.

It will also be understood that whereas regulating units have been herein described adapted to control both the rate of moisturesupply and the rate of ventilation, separate regulating mechanisms may be employed respectively operable to control the rate of moisture supply and the .rate of ventilation.

It is also to be understood that the provision of two stages of regulator actuation corresponding to a standard of humidity 1 neously to produce positive action of the humidifiers and discontinuance of ventilation in response to deficient humidity on the one hand, and simultaneouslyto discontinue humidification and to effect ventilation positively in response to excessive humidity on the other hand, while less desirable, is a practical expedient that falls within the contemplated scope of my invention, f

It will further be understood that other suitable measuringor indicating devices may .be employed to determine respectively the temperature andthe' condition of humidity, and manual regulation of the rateof'moisture supply and .the'rate of ventilation effected in accordance with the method herein described. 7

' It will, therefore, be obviousthat the particular. embodiment-s of'the invention herein specifically set forth are of an illustrative character and are not restrictive of the meaning and scope of the following claims.

Having thus described the invention, what is claimed as new, and desired to be securedby netters'Patent, is:

1. Apparatus for maintaining relative humidity at a predetermined standard in the air of an inclosure when said airis subject to variable increases in temperature due to heat liberated therein from uncontrollable sources, comprising humidifying means acting when in operation to discharge and vaporize water within said inclosure, ventilating means operative to determine the exchange of air between the interior and exand cool the air of said inclosure by the ab-.

sorption and rejection of heat whenever the humidity of said air is at or in excess of said standard.

2. Apparatus for -maintaining relative humidity at a predetermined standard in the air of an inclosure when said air is subject to variable increases in temperature dueto heat liberated therein from uncontrollable sources only, comprising the construction defined in claim 1,together with means controlled by variable increases in temperature due to heat the temperature of the air within said inclosure acting when such temperature is below a predetermined degree to prevent that operation of the ventilating means which effec' s exchange of air between the interior and exterior of the inclosure.

3. Apparatus for maintaining relative humidity at a predetermined'sta'ndard in the air of an inclosure when said air is subject to liberated therein from uncontrollable sources, comprising humidifying means act ing when. in operation to discharge and vaporize water within said inclosure, ventilatingmeans operative to determine the exchange of air between the lnterior and extenor of said inclosure, means sensltlve to and actuated by variations of the humidityand temperature of the air within said in closure acting to control the humidifying means and the ventilating means to maintain an" exchange of air with a maximum supply of moisture when the temperature of the air of the inclosure is above a predetermined ten'iperature and thereby produce a maximum cooling of the air of the inclosure, to 'eflect discontinuanceof the operation only of the humidifying means in response to humidity within said inclosure in excess of said predetermined standard of humidity while maintaining said air exchange and to effect discontinuance only of said exchange of air in .response to humidity. within said inclosure in deficiency of said standard while maintaining said maximum supply of moisture. c

4. Apparatus for maintaining relative humidity at a predetermined standard in the air otan inclosure when said air is subject to variable increases in temperature due to heat liberated therein from uncontrollable sources only, comprising humidifying means acting when in operatidn to discharge and' vaporize water within said inclosure, ventilating means operative to determine the exchange of air between. the interior and exterior of said inclosure, means sensitive to and actuated by variations of the humidity of the air within said inclosure acting to control the operation of said humidifying means and said ventilating means, to restrict operation of said humidifying means only in response to humidity within said inclosure in excess of said predetermined standard and to restrict said exchange of air only in response to humidity within said inclosure in deficiency of said standard, to maintain said predeter'-.

mined standard of humidity at all tempera.- tures and to cool the air of said inclosure by the absorption and rejection-of heat whenever the humidity of said airis at or in excess of said standard. i

5. .Apparatus' for maintainin relative humidity at a predetermined stan ard in the air of an inclosure when said air is subject to variable increases in temperature due to heat liberated therein from uncontrollable sources only, comprising the construction defined in claim 4, together with means controlled by the temperature of the air within said ina closure andactin'g whenever said temperature is below a predetermined degree to prevent that operation of the ventilating means. which efiects exchange of air between the interior and exterior of said inclosure.

6. Apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of an inclosure influenced by uncontrollable sources of heat comprising humidifying means acting, when in operation, to discharge and vaporize water within said inclosure, ventilating means operative to determine the exchange of air between-the interior and exterior of said inclosure, a device sen sitive to and actuated by variationsof the humidity of the air within said inclosure acting to control the operation of both the humidifying means and the ventilating means to effect operation of the humidifying means and to effect said exchange of air in response to humidity throughout a predetermined desirable range, to restrict operation of said humidifying meansonly in response to humid ity in excess of said range, and to restrict said exchange of'air only in response to humidity in deficiency of said range to maintain a humidity within said range at all tem peratures and cool the air of said inclosure by the absorption and rejection of heat whenever the humidity of said air is within or in excess of said range.

7. Apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of an inclosure influenced by uncontrollable sources ofheat comprising the construction defined in claim 6, together with means controlled by the temperature of the air within said inclosure and acting, 'when ever the said temperature is below a prede- .termined degree, to prevent that operation of the ventilating means which eiiects exchange of air between the interior and exterior of said inclosure. I

8. Apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of an inclosure influenced by uncon-- trollable sources of heat comprising meansfor supplying moisture to the air within the inclosure by vaporization of water spray therein, ventilating means operative to determine the exchange of air between the interior and exterior of the said inclosure, re ulating means responsive to the humidity of the air within the inclosure, and means operable by said regulating means to maintain the rate of said exchange of air only within or above a predetermined desirable range of humidity, to maintain the rate of moisturesupply only within or below said predetermined range, to

decrease the rate of said exchange of air in response to humidity falling below said range, and to decrease the rate of moisture supply in response to humidity rising above said range to maintain a humidity within said range at all temperatures and cool the air of said inclosure. by the absorption and rejection of heat whenever the humidity of said air is within or in excess of said range.

9. Apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of an inclosure influenced by uncontrollable sources of heat comprising means for supplying moisture to the air within the inclosure by vaporization of water spray, therein, ventilating means operative to determine the exchange of air between the interior and exterior of the said inclosure, regulating means responsive to the temperature and humidity of the air within the inclosure, means operable by said regulating means above a predetermined temperature to maintain the rate of said exchange of air only within or above a predetermined desirable range of hu midity, to' maintain the rate of moisture sup ply onlywithi-n or below said predetermined range, tovdecrease the rateofsaid exchange of air in response to humidity falling below 7 said range, to. decreasethe rate of moisture supply in response to humidlty r1s1ng above said range, and tOdlSCOIlt-lllll said exchange of air below said predetermined temperature.

limit the operation of said ventilating means to a condition of air within the said inclosure above a predetermined temperature and above or within a predetermined desirable range of humidity, and to limit the operation of saidmoisture-supplying means to a condition of said air within or below said predetermined range of humidity to maintain a humidity within said range at all temperatures and cool the air of said inclosure by the absorption and rejection of heat whenever the humidity of said air is within or in excess of said range.

11.,Apparatus for humidi ing and cooling the air of an inclosure in uenced by uncontrollable sources of heat comprising means for supplying moisture to the air within the inclosure by vaporization of water spray below said predetermined standard of hu- .midity to maintain said standard of humidity atall temperatures and cool the air of said inclosure by the absorption and rejection of heat whenever the humidity of said air is at or above said standard and the temperature ofsaid air is above the predetermined temperature. 12. Apparatus for humidifying and cooling the air of an inclosure influenced by uncontrollable sources of heat comprising means 3 5 being alternatively operable within said ing the air of an inclosure for supplying moisture to said air by discharging and vaporizing water spray within said inclosure, ventilating means for effecting the exchange of air between the interior and exteri'or of said inclosure, regulating means comprising thermo-sensitive members influenced respectively by the wet and dry bulb temperatures of the air within the inclosure, means for controllin supplying means and means m controlling the ventilating means, both actuated by the relative movement of said thermo-sensitive members and operative to'increase the rate of exchange of air above a predetermined range of humidity, to increase the rate of moisture-supply below said range,'and within said range to decrease the rate of air ex- 'change in response to falling humidity and ing the airof an inclosure in uenced by un-' controllable sources ofheat comprising means for supplying moisture to said air by discharging and vaporizing water spray within said inclosure, ventilating means for effecting the exchange of air between the interior and exterior of said inclosure, regulating means comprising thermo-sensitive members influenced respectively by the wet and dry bulb temperatures of the air within the inclosure, means controlling the moisture-supplying means and a plurality of means for controlling the ventilating means all actuated by the relative movement of said thermo-sensitive members, said plurality-of means for controlling the ventilating means being successively operated to vary the rate of an exchange above a predetermined range of humi ity within the inclosure, said means for con rolling the moisture-supplying means being operated to increase the moisture supply below said range, and said means for controlling the ventilation and said means for controlling the moisture-supplying meaps range to decrease the rate of air exchange in response to falling humidity and to decrease the rate of moisture supply in response to rising humidity.

15; Apparatus for humidi 'ng and cooluenoed by uncontrollable sources ofheat comprising the construction defined in claim 14, together with means operable by the movement of the the moisturedry bulb thermo-sensitive member to render said lurality of means for controlling the vent ating means ineffective when the air within the inclosure is below a predetermined temperature. a

16. Apparatus for humidi ing and cooling the air of an inclosure uenced by uncontrollable sources of heatcomgrisin means for supplying moisture sai air y discharging and vaporizing water spray within said inclosure, ventilating means or effectin the exchange of air between the interior an exterior of said inclosure, regulating means comprising thermo-sensitive members influenced respectively by the wet and dry bulb temperatures of the air within the inclosure, lever mechanism connected respectively to said wet and dry bulb thermo-sensitive memchange of air when the humidity of the within the inclosure is above a predetermined range, to actuate said moisture-supplying means when the humidity of the air within the inclosure is below said predetermined range of humidity and within said predetermined range of humidity alternatively to decrease the supply of energy to said ventilating means in response to falling humidity and means and to said ventilating means to discontinue said supply of energy to said moisture-supplying means in response to rising humidity.

- 17 Apparatus for huinidi 'ng and cooling the air of an inclosure uenced by uncontrollable sources of heat comprising 'the construction defined in claim. 16, together with means operableby the movement of the dry bulb lever mechanism to render said means for controlling the ventilating means infl'ect ve when the air within the inclosure is below a predetermined temperature.

In testimony whereof, I have signed my 'name to this specification.

ALFRED F. KARLSON. 

